EMT Practice Test

1. Question Content...

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Question1: Which of the following statements is true related to hospital-acquired pneumonia?

Question2: In sepsis, a variety of immune mechanisms occur which, if untreated, can lead to organ damage and death. The cells involved in these events are either directly involved in the immune reaction, or are stimulated to produce and release chemical mediators that extend the dysregulated response to the immune reaction. Cytokines are one group of these chemical mediators and are intended to provide a protective response.
All of the following are examples of cytokines except:

Question3: Of the following, which insulin has the most rapid onset:

Question4: Gastrointestinal distress, hepatotoxicity, and hepatic necrosis are signs and symptoms of an overdose of:

Question5: Of the following, which insulin would be expected to peak the most quickly:

Question6: Palliation is:

Question7: The most potent means to reduce the likelihood of aspiration in a patient who is receiving enteral feeding is:

Question8: The framework of principle-based ethics is one of the most influential perspectives in biomedical ethics today. This perspective arose in the 1970s through the work of Beauchamp and:

Question9: Which of the following long-acting benzodiazepines is infrequently used for sedation in acute care except under special circumstances?

Question10: All of the following statements are true concerning the QRS complex on electrocardiogram except:

Question11: Clinical signs and symptoms specific to left-sided heart failure include which of the following?

Question12: Extrinsic causes of hemolysis include all of the following except:

Question13: The nurse would expect to find the following test results in a patient just admitted with a diagnosis of heart failure:

Question14: All of the following statements are true regarding complications related to tracheostomies except:

Question15: conditions related to aortic aneurysm except:

Question16: Evidence-based practice guidelines for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia include all of the following except:

Question17: Chest tubes are often used in the acutely ill to drain air, fluid, or blood from the mediastinum (mediastinal tubes) or the pleural spaces (pleural tubes). If air is to be removed from the pleural space, where would the nurse expect the chest tube to be inserted?

Question18: The exclusion criteria for the use of a ventricular assist device include:

Question19: Evidence-based practice guidelines related to family interventions that should occur during the evaluation stage of the nursing process includes which of following?

Question20: Patients with dysfunction of which cranial nerve are unable to close the eyelid on the affected side?

Question21: Aneurysm development is initiated in which layer of the aorta?

Question22: In assessing the motor portion of the Glasgow Coma Scale, response in each extremity is tested. Which of the following is used in calculating a total score for this category?

Question23: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding which results in a sudden loss of blood volume and decreased cardiac output triggers the release of:

Question24: Emergency measures for ventricular assist devices failure may include all of the following except:

Question25: Red blood cell indices are useful in determining the etiology of:

Question26: Normal levels of base excess in arterial blood gases range from:

Question27: All of the following statements are true regarding chest tubes except:

Question28: All of the following statements are true except:

Question29: Which of the following is used to treat pruritus caused by opioids?

Question30: Which of the following is true related to pneumococcal vaccine recommendations?

Question31: All of the following statements regarding obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are true except:

Question32: All of the following statements are true regarding an oropharyngeal airway except:

Question33: Optimal cellular functioning occurs when the pH of the blood is:

Question34: Intravenous administration of neostigmine is indicated in the treatment of which of the following conditions?

Question35: Signs and symptoms of cocaine overdose include which of the following?

Question36: All of the following electrolyte imbalances are likely to occur as a result of liver failure except:

Question37: When reviewing discharge instructions with a patient who is going home with new orders for dabigatran, the nurse includes all of the following information except:

Question38: Cardiac output (CO) measurements can be used as a rapid means to evaluate the patient's hemodynamic status. Which of the following conditions is most likely to contribute to an increase in CO?

Question39: All of the following statements related to mycophenolate mofetil are true except:

Question40: Regarding pneumonia and cross-contamination, which of the following statements is true?

Question41: The most common cause of respiratory failure in acutely ill patients is:

Question42: Anemia is defined as:

Question43: Which ethical principle is defined as fairness?

Question44: In electrocardiogram, the wave that represents ventricular muscle repolarization is the:

Question45: Prior to coronary angiography, the patient should be NPO for at least:

Question46: Venturi masks are often useful in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hypercapnia because the clinician can titrate the Pao2 to minimize which of the following?

Question47: Acute respiratory failure (ARF) can occur as a result of many abnormalities but, regardless of the specific underlying condition, the etiology of ARF in adults can be categorized into four main components:
impaired ventilation, impaired gas exchange, airway obstruction, and ventilation-perfusion abnormalities. Which of the following conditions impairs gas exchange?

Question48: Bleeding located between the dura and the skull is a(n):

Question49: Clinical signs and symptoms specific to left heart failure include:

Question50: A patient is receiving apixaban (Eliquis) for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis. Which of the following statements is true related to this agent?

Question51: Signs and symptoms specific to acute methanol intoxication include which of the following?

Question52: An effective bowel program in a patient with spinal cord injury:

Question53: Factors that may play a role in the development of gastritis include all of the following except:

Question54: Which of the following statements is true regarding communication with a ventilated patient?

Question55: Which of the following situations is most likely to alter the accuracy of point-of-care blood glucose measurements and result in a false high reading?

Question56: All of the following statements related to arterial blood gases are true except:

Question57: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by three clinical phases, seen primarily due to intrarenal injury.
The first phase of AKI is characterized by:

Question58: The nurse walks into an elderly patient's room and sees the patient's son strike the patient. The most appropriate first response by the nurse is to:

Question59: Many chest x-rays taken in the progressive care unit are obtained with which of the following views, with the patient lying supine in bed?

Question60: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is most commonly found:

Question61: Cox-Maze procedures are nonpharmacological methods of treating which of the following conditions:

Question62: The most common cause of tracheal deviation seen on chest x-ray is:

Question63: Brudzinski sign is:

Question64: An 85-year-old female patient, Ann, was admitted to the progressive care unit from a nursing home three days ago. She has a severely painful stage IV pressure ulcer and has been diagnosed with sepsis.
Ann is confused and frequently cries for "Fred." No family has been to visit. She has no advance directives. At 2 am, while the nurse is changing Ann's gown, she becomes unresponsive and stops breathing.
The correct action for the nurse to take is to:

Question65: Which of the following is an appropriate treatment option for pulmonary arterial hypertension to slow the progression of the disease and minimize symptoms?

Question66: Contraindications to ACE inhibitor therapy in the treatment of heart failure include all of the following except:

Question67: Altered respiratory function is a major problem for patients with:

Question68: Planning in the process of ethical analysis includes:

Question69: Treatment with folinic acid is suggested in the treatment of which of the following?

Question70: All of the following statements related to enoxaparin are true except:

Question71: A 10-year-old Native American girl is admitted to the progressive care unit for treatment of severe asthm a. When the girl's condition is stable, her grandmother brings her licorice tea, a common herbal remedy in the family's community. The nurse is concerned the family may not follow the appropriate medication regimen at home.
To show respect for the family's culture and maintain the patient's best interest, which of the following is the best action for the nurse to take?

Question72: The most common anatomical sites for pressure injuries to occur are the:

Question73: Which of the following statements is true related to nurses and the ethical problems they face?

Question74: Which of the following is an antiarrhythmic medication with a class IIa recommendation for pharmacological cardioversion of atrial fibrillation?

Question75: A patient's decision-making capacity is based on:

Question76: Regarding informed consent, an accurate tool for measuring a patient's capacity is based on which of the following:
* A: The patient's ability to concur with health care providers
* B: The patient's ability to concur with family members
* C: The patient's religious and cultural beliefs and values
* D: The patient's abilities as a decision-maker
* E: The consistency with which the patient states their preferences

Question77: Assessment of pupil size and reaction to light provides information about the function of cranial nerves:
III and IV
II and III
I and III
I and II

Question78: A cortical bruise caused by the brain impacting the inside of the skull at the site of impact is described as:

Question79: A generalized seizure characterized by sudden, brief muscle jerking of one or more muscle groups is referred to as:

Question80: All of the following statements related to ventricular assist devices are true except:

Question81: Hyperkalemia is suspected in a patient with which of the following clinical presentations?

Question82: All of the following statements are true related to unfractionated heparin except:

Question83: The Braden scale is a validated risk assessment scale for evaluating a patient's risk for:

Question84: All of the following statements are true related to Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome except:

Question85: Following the administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, antiplatelet or anticoagulant medicines are avoided for:

Question86: All of the following related to arginine vasopressin are true except:

Question87: Which of the following is a cardiac hormone that regulates cardiovascular homeostasis and fluid volume during states of volume and pressure overload?

Question88: Conditions that may cause airway obstruction leading to acute respiratory failure in the adult include:

Question89: Which of the following statements regarding asthma is true?

Question90: Of the following pharmacological agents used in the prevention of stress gastritis, which is least likely to predispose patients to nosocomial pneumonias?

Question91: All of the following statements regarding diazoxide are true except:

Question92: Which of the following statements is true regarding artificial airways?

Question93: Acute ischemic heart disease is most often caused by:

Question94: The nurse manager on the progressive care unit asks Liz to work an extra shift to cover a staff member who called out sick. Liz had planned to go to dinner with her mother after work this evening. What type of ethical problem does Liz face in this scenario?

Question95: The framework of principle-based ethics is one of the most influential perspectives in biomedical ethics today. Inherent in this viewpoint, is the belief that four basic principles and derivative rules are binding, but not absolute, and define the essence of ethical obligations in human society. Which of the following is included in the derivative rules?

Question96: Sucralfate is sometimes used as a pharmacologic therapy in the treatment of gastritis. This medication:

Question97: The plasma protein that becomes the fibrin clot is:

Question98: To help prevent hospital-acquired pneumonia in a ventilated patient, which of the following is recommended?

Question99: A 55-year-old type 2 diabetic with severe dementia was started on insulin during her stay in the progressive care unit. She will be discharged with orders for blood glucose monitoring and sliding scale insulin. The patient has a 24-hour a day live-in caregiver who has assisted with her oral medications in the past and who has visited the patient daily in the hospital. One daughter, who is the patient's power of attorney, lives out-of-state and has visited only one time during the patient's five-day stay in the hospital. She is leaving today. Home care nursing has been arranged to provide care for the patient at home following discharge.
Who is it essential for the nurse to include in instructions related to glucose testing and insulin administration?

Question100: Which ethical principle imposes the duty to do no harm?

Question101: All of the following statements related to hypertension are true except:

Question102: In which of the following frameworks for ethical analysis is the emphasis on identifying and prioritizing ethical principles?

Question103: Which of the following statements is true regarding positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)?

Question104: The Medicare and Medicaid Electronic Health Record (EHR) Incentive Program, established by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, began offering incentives for hospitals and providers who demonstrated meaningful use of EHRs in:

Question105: The doctrine of informed consent encompasses:

Question106: All of the following are examples of proton pump inhibitors except:

Question107: Which of the following statements related to endotracheal tube suctioning is true?

Question108: The primary agent for treating acute hypertensive episodes in patients who are receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitors is:

Question109: The longer-acting synthetic analog of somatostatin which produces the same results as vasopressin in the control of acute variceal bleeding, but with significantly fewer adverse effects is:

Question110: All of the following statements related to hemodialysis are true except:

Question111: Which of the following statements is true regarding hypoglycemia?

Question112: According to the principle of beneficence, nurses are expected to:

Question113: Aortic dissections are classified as acute if they have occurred:

Question114: Which of the following are considered cornerstone therapy for heart failure in an effort to reverse the remodeling of the left ventricle?

Question115: When faced with decisions which involve disagreements over care between care providers, which of the following is the best potential referral for the nurse to consider making?

Question116: If a patient with an aortic aneurysm is to be medically managed, follow up chest x-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, and/or ultrasounds will be needed how often?

Question117: Symptoms of mild hypoglycemia include:

Question118: The surgical procedure that is defined as the removal of a bronchovascular segment of the lung lobe is:

Question119: Which of the following is the most widely-used opioid and is the gold standard against which other opioids are compared?

Question120: Which of the following cited the principle of double effect in a decision that distinguished palliative care from assisted suicide?

Question121: Mallory-Weiss Syndrome is most often associated with which of the following?

Question122: All of the following statements regarding chest x-rays are true except:

Question123: All of the following statements are true regarding the atrioventricular (AV) node except:

Question124: In which stage of shock do neural responses involve baroreceptors in the aortic arch and carotid arteries activating the vasomotor center of the medulla?

Question125: A patient tells the nurse, "I don't know if I want to get better. My life is meaningless." Which of the following is true about this and similar statements?

Question126: This agent is a class III antiarrhythmic (potassium channel blocker) used for rhythm conversion in patients with atrial fibrillation. Administration dose is adjusted based on creatinine clearance and QT or QTc interval.

Question127: All of the following statements related to an endotracheal tube are true except:

Question128: According to the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, an intact, serum-filled blister on the ear is classified as:

Question129: Metabolic Syndrome, as described by The American Heart Association (AHA), consists of the presence of five conditions, one of which is hypertension, defined as:

Question130: Elements that serve as a foundation for addressing ethical problems include:

Question131: In this type of aortic dissection, the original tear begins and is contained in the ascending aorta:

Question132: A nurse accidentally gave the wrong medication to a patient. Documenting the error in the form of an incident report demonstrates which of the following?

Question133: Which of the following statements is true related to mechanical ventilators?

Question134: Unless contraindicated or not tolerated, ACE inhibitors are recommended in all heart failure patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction of less than:

Question135: Which of the following terms describes the obligation to be faithful to commitments and promises?

Question136: The rule of veracity means what?

Question137: Which of the following statements related to gastrointestinal bleeding is true?

Question138: Pancytopenia is a drop in which of the following?

Question139: Which of the following statements related to dysarthria is true?

Question140: In which of the following situations would it be most appropriate for a surrogate decision-maker to apply the best interests standard to the informed consent process?

Question141: The American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Standards for Establishing and Sustaining Healthy Work Environments identifies six standards which are needed in the workplace to promote the effective resolution of ethical dilemmas. Which of the following is not included as one of these standards?

Question142: In patients with spinal cord injury, an in-exsufflator is sometimes used to help prevent:

Question143: Warning signs of torsades des pointes syndrome during the administration of a QT-prolonging drug that may be noted on electrocardiography include:

Question144: Primary causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome include:

Question145: A Type II second-degree atrioventricular block:

Question146: The result of phase I of heart failure is:

Question147: Related to family members of hospitalized patients, research has consistently identified five major areas of family needs. Included in these are all of the following except:

Question148: Which of the following statements is true concerning opioids?

Question149: All of the following statements are true related to endotracheal suctioning except:

Question150: When providing education and information in the progressive care unit, repetition of information is necessary because:

Question151: Normal blood carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2 ) ranges from:

Question152: A 28-year-old female patient is in the progressive care unit following a motor vehicle accident. She wants her seven-year-old son to visit but is concerned he will be frightened by all the equipment. Which of the following actions could demonstrate caring practices by the nurse?

Question153: Corticosteroids are immediately given in high doses postoperatively following cardiac transplant, then tapered over the next:

Question154: Absolute contraindications to the use of thrombolytic agents include all of the following except:

Question155: Which of the following is an example of a combination long-acting beta-agonist and corticosteroid used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease include?

Question156: Cells in the which of the following have automaticity and can function as a backup pacemaker if all other pacemakers fail?

Question157: Clinically significant respiratory depression resulting from opioid use is usually treated with which of the following?

Question158: Which of the following statements is false regarding the safe and effective use of intermittent pneumatic compression devices (IPCs)?

Question159: Which of the following is a balanced vasodilator which affects the arterial and venous systems and, if used for longer than 48 hours, carries the risk of thiocyanate toxicity, especially in patients with renal dysfunction?

Question160: Clinical situations that decrease the accuracy of pulse oximetry for assessing oxygen status include:

Question161: Which of the following statements is true?

Question162: Which of the following terms indicates prolonged or recurring seizures without a return to baseline mental status?

Question163: Septic shock occurs when a patient with sepsis who has undergone fluid resuscitation remains hypotensive, requires vasopressors, and has a serum lactate level greater than which of the following?

Question164: On the electrocardiogram, atrial muscle depolarization is represented by which of the following?

Question165: All of the following statements are true related to Ventavis (iloprost) except:

Question166: Arterial blood gas monitoring may be used to assess:

Question167: Which of the following represents normal left ventricular end-diastolic pressure?

Question168: Which of the following diagnostic test results would you most likely expect in a patient with an early acute upper gastrointestinal bleed?

Question169: Which of the following statements is true related to sinus dysrhythmia?

Question170: In the medical management of acute ischemic heart disease, which of the following interventions would be indicated to increase ventricular filling time and decrease myocardial oxygen consumption?

Question171: An 89-year-old male Asian patient in the terminal stages of lung cancer has many family members visiting at all hours of the day and night. His family brings various ethnic foods and performs ritualistic activities. Which of the following activities should be taken by the nurse?

Question172: Requiring a mentally competent patient to call for assistance before getting out of bed to use the bathroom is an example of which of the following?

Question173: The framework of principle-based ethics is one of the most influential perspectives in biomedical ethics today. Inherent in this viewpoint, is the belief that four basic principles and derivative rules are binding, but not absolute, and define the essence of ethical obligations in human society. The four basic principles used in principle-based ethics are:

Question174: When assessing the patient's gastrointestinal status, the nurse keeps in mind that:

Question175: This medication is commonly given to manage an acute hypertensive episode. It is a beta-receptor agonist (beta-blocker) particularly indicated in patients with suspected myocardial infarction or angin a. To administer, a 5 mg bolus is given over 5 minutes and repeated three times. IV drip may then be started. What is the medication?

Question176: Congenital long-QT syndromes involve mutations in several genes that control which of the following?

Question177: A comatose patient on the progressive care unit has a durable power of attorney for health care which indicates that both her adult son and daughter are assigned to make decisions in her place. These two adult children support opposing courses of treatment for their mother, making it unclear which course of action should be taken. Which type of ethical problem is this an example of?

Question178: Of the following, which is an absolute contraindication for chest tube insertion?

Question179: In an adult, which of the following generally indicates severe bronchoconstriction?

Question180: To ensure consistency in QT-interval monitoring, a single method should be used by all practitioners who are responsible for cardiac monitoring. Each facility should have a protocol in place that defines this specific method of QT-interval monitoring and includes all of the following except:

Question181: Chest tubes are often used in the acutely ill to drain air, fluid, or blood from the mediastinum (mediastinal tubes) or the pleural spaces (pleural tubes). Which of the following statements is true related to mediastinal tubes?

Question182: Which of the following statements is true related to encephalitis?

Question183: A patient on the unit has cranial nerve VII dysfunction. Which of the following statements is most likely true about this patient?

Question184: A potentially life-threatening complication of bariatric surgery that may be difficult to detect, but which can lead to overwhelming sepsis is:

Question185: When the head is moving and strikes a stationary object (for example, the pavement), injury occurs to the brain as a result of:

Question186: Which of the following medications is a combined alpha- and beta-adrenergic blocking agent?

Question187: Which of the following statements is true regarding arterial catheters?

Question188: All of the following are signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade except:

Question189: All of the following statements are true regarding the current guideline recommendations on red blood cell transfusion except:

Question190: Examples of communication barriers that may impact a patient or their family's ability to learn include all of the following except:

Question191: If which of the following does not close properly, blood flows backward from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole?

Question192: First-line treatment for patients with status epilepticus or prolonged seizures is the administration of a benzodiazepine such as:

Question193: The most common cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding is:

Question194: An example of primary brain injury is:

Question195: In issues regarding informed consent and medical decision-making, all of the following are appropriate actions for a surrogate decision-maker except:

Question196: The portion of the electrocardiogram that represents the time required for the impulse to travel through the atria, AV junction, and to the Purkinje system is:

Question197: The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone is:

Question198: In the assessment of learning readiness, all of the following questions are helpful except:

Question199: All of the following conditions are among the American Heart Association's practice standards for electrocardiogram monitoring in hospital settings list of indications for QT-interval monitoring except:

Question200: All of the following statements are true regarding the level of consciousness known as arousal except:

Question201: A patient who is scheduled for coronary angiography states, "I want to be asleep during my procedure. I can't stand any kind of pain." Of the following, the best response for the nurse to make to this patient is:

Question202: Which of the following describes the injury which occurs in Brown-Sequard syndrome?

Question203: A 60-year-old patient is admitted to the progressive care unit with pulmonary disease. She and her family speak very little English. Which of the following actions are the most appropriate for the nurse to take to help the patient and family understand what evaluation for hypoxemia will involve?

Question204: According to the United States Food and Drug Administration, the acceptable discrepancy between laboratory values and point-of-care glucometer values is:

Question205: Antidiuretic hormone is:

Question206: Goals of patient management in heart failure revolve around principles which include all of the following except:

Question207: Of the following medications, which is a recombinant human b-type natriuretic peptide which is effective in decreasing pulmonary wedge pressure and improving dyspnea symptoms in acutely decompensated heart failure patients who have dyspnea at rest or with minimal activity?

Question208: Which of the following statements related to bumetanide is true?

Question209: All of the following statements are true related to valvular heart disease except:

Question210: A patient who just suffered a myocardial infarction would probably benefit the most if the nurse provided for:

Question211: A physician has ordered cardiac catheterization for a patient in the progressive care unit. After explaining the procedure, the patient, who is alert, oriented, and competent to make decisions is refusing to give informed consent.
The nurse's role is to:

Question212: A patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is noted with atrial fibrillation. Agents used to treat this patient's arrhythmia may include all of the following except:

Question213: All of the following statements made by a patient reflect caring practice by the nurse on the unit except:

Question214: All of the following statements related to haloperidol are true except:

Question215: When the amount of acid production in the body increases, and there is no change in the amount of base production, the pH:

Question216: The American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Standards for Establishing and Sustaining Healthy Work Environments identifies six standards which are needed in the workplace to promote the effective resolution of ethical dilemmas. Included in these standards are all of the following except:

Question217: In a patient who has suffered an acute stroke who would otherwise be eligible for acute reperfusion therapy except that blood pressure is > 185/110 mm Hg, the correct dose of labetalol would be:

Question218: Which of the following statements is true related to pressure injuries?

Question219: To evaluate functional capacity as evidence of the patient's ability to reason about his or her own choices, which of the comments or questions would be the best for the nurse to make/ask?

Question220: Secondary causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome include: